Upper facial wrinkles form as a result of a combination of factors, including the natural aging process, genetics, sun exposure, and repeated facial movements and expressions. Over time, the skin loses elasticity and the underlying muscles that control facial expressions can cause the skin to crease. These creases eventually become permanent wrinkles.

As we age, the skin's production of collagen and elastin decreases, leading to the loss of skin structure and elasticity. Sun exposure can also cause the skin to break down and become less elastic, leading to wrinkles. Finally, repetitive facial movements and expressions, such as frowning, squinting, and smiling, can cause the skin to crease, leading to wrinkles over time.

Boulinum toxin : (Commonly known as Botox) can help reduce the movement of frown muscles hence the frown line that you see when you try to frown is removed or reduced. It can also prevent the lines becoming deeper.

Dermal filler : Dermal fillers can be injected to plump up or fill the static frown lines. If you can see the frown line when you are not frowning, Dermal filler might be the best solution. 

During your consultation, the doctor will medically examine you and advise which treatment is most suitable for you. Occasionally, the combination of both treatments are  recommended. In this case, the result is normally longer lasting as both treatments help support the longevity of each other.

Botox is a brand name for botulinum toxin type A, a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. As a cosmetic treatment, it is used to temporarily paralyze muscle activity in order to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines on the face.

Botulinum toxin : Injection related side effects are minimal and temporary such as redness, swelling and bruising, headache and flu like symptoms. Spreading of the Botox to the muscles nearby can be easily prevented by avoiding rubbing or massaging the treated areas for 4 hours to avoid relaxing the surrounding muscles that the medication could spread to which could cause temporally asymmetry or droopy eye lids.

Dermal filler : After the treatment(s) some common injection-related reactions might occur, such as swelling, redness, pain, itching, discoloration and tenderness at the injection site. These typically resolve spontaneously within 2 to 10 days. Mild bruising or a slight blush might appear at the injection site immediately following treatment and may last for 2-10 days

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women: Botox has not been studied in pregnant or breastfeeding women, and it is not known if it is safe for them to receive the injections.
• Individuals with neurological disorders: Botox injections may be risky for individuals with certain neurological disorders such as Myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, and other neuromuscular disorders.
• Individuals who are allergic to any of the ingredients in Botox: Some patients may be allergic to the ingredients in Botox and therefore should not receive the injections.
• If you have had facial surgery or plan to have surgery in the future

• Avoid rubbing or massaging the treated area: Rubbing or massaging the treated area can cause the Botox to spread to other muscles, causing unwanted side effects.
• Wait before engaging in strenuous activity: Wait 24 hours before engaging in strenuous activity, such as exercise, as this can increase blood flow to the treated area and potentially interfere with the Botox's effectiveness.
• Avoid alcohol: Avoid drinking alcohol for at least 24 hours after receiving Botox, as alcohol can increase the risk of bleeding and swelling.
• Avoid exposure to heat: Avoid exposure to heat, such as hot showers, saunas, and steam rooms, for at least 24 hours after receiving Botox, as heat can increase blood flow and swelling.